EXCEPTION WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate record skipped'); WHEN OTHERS THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Unknown error: ' || SQLERRM); Packages bundle related procedures, functions, and variables. They maintain state across sessions (using package variables) and offer true encapsulation. 6. Native Compilation PL/SQL can be compiled to native machine code (C), not just bytecode. For CPU-intensive loops, this delivers C-like performance. Where PL/SQL Dominates | Industry | Typical Use | |----------|--------------| | Banking | Nightly batch reconciliation, fraud detection rules | | Airlines | Booking engines, loyalty point calculations | | Insurance | Premium calculations, claims processing | | Retail | Inventory management, sales tax computation | | Healthcare | Claims adjudication, HIPAA-compliant data logic |
Since its debut in the early 1990s, PL/SQL has evolved from a simple “SQL with loops” into a full-fledged, mission-critical procedural language. While Python and Java grab the headlines, PL/SQL remains the silent workhorse of the Oracle Database ecosystem. pl sql
Oracle also offers (a modern command-line interface) and PL/SQL in the Oracle Cloud with automatic scaling. EXCEPTION WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN DBMS_OUTPUT