Geometric refinement (enforcing known field layout) reduces out‑of‑order predictions by 12 % and improves the MRZ IoU substantially. | OCR Model | Avg. CER (all fields) | MRZ CER | Name‑field CER | |-----------|----------------------|---------|----------------| | CRNN (ResNet‑34) | 0.074 | 0.058 | 0.089 | | TrOCR‑large | 0.058 | 0.042 | 0.074 | | TrOCR‑large + Data Aug (baseline) | 0.045 | 0.032 | 0.058 |
: Recent works use instance‑segmentation (Mask RCNN [8]) or keypoint‑based approaches (DETR‑Doc [9]) to isolate MRZ, portrait, and signature regions.
: Sequence‑to‑sequence models (CRNN [10]), Transformer‑based recognizers (SATRN [11]), and large‑scale pre‑trained vision‑language models (TrOCR [12]) have set the state‑of‑the‑art on clean scanned documents but degrade sharply on mobile captures.
: Object detectors such as Faster R‑CNN [5], YOLOv8 [6], and EfficientDet [7] have become de‑facto standards. However, their performance on low‑resolution, heavily distorted ID images remains under‑explored.
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