Formal Languages And Automata Theory Notes Pdf May 2026

Where: A, B are nonterminals; a is terminal; α, β, γ are strings of terminals/nonterminals.

Convert NFA to DFA.

| Type | Grammar Name | Language Class | Automaton | Production Rule Form | |------|--------------|----------------|------------|----------------------| | Type 0 | Unrestricted | Recursively Enumerable | Turing Machine | α → β (any) | | Type 1 | Context-Sensitive | Context-Sensitive | Linear Bounded Automaton (LBA) | αAβ → αγβ (γ ≠ ε) | | Type 2 | Context-Free | Context-Free | Pushdown Automaton (PDA) | A → γ | | Type 3 | Regular | Regular | Finite Automaton (FA) | A → aB or A → a | formal languages and automata theory notes pdf

1. Introduction Formal Language: A set of strings (sequences of symbols) constrained by specific rules, formed over an alphabet (a finite set of symbols, denoted Σ). Where: A, B are nonterminals; a is terminal;